Module 7 Leadership Development - 1528 Words

MODULE 7: LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT Leader development and leadership development is important from both a personal and an organizational aspect. (Hackman Johnson, 2013) states that, â€Å"Leader development promotes personal growth† and â€Å"Leadership development promotes organizational growth†. Leader development is an ongoing process that continues throughout life. Because leadership skills can be learned and/or developed, as you take on different leadership roles and other leadership opportunities your leadership skills will improve. This in turn will help you to become a better leader. Chapter 12: A Proactive Approach to Leader Development Chapter 12 covers a range of different topics related to leader and leadership development. In†¦show more content†¦These functions include career functions, which focuses on the mentee’s career advancement and psychosocial functions, which focuses on both the mentor and the mentee’s â€Å"sense of competence and self worth† (Hackman Johnson, 2013). They broke down the different aspects involved in the two mentor functions. They highlighted that career functions involve â€Å"Sponsorship†, â€Å"Coaching†, â€Å"Protection†, and â€Å"Challenging assignments and psychosocial functions involve â€Å"Role modeling†, â€Å"Acceptance and confirmation†, â€Å"Counseling†, and â€Å"Friendship†. In addition to this, some of the many benefits that mentees typically incur from mentorship were discussed. Some of the benefits highlighted included better pay, more frequent job advancements, better job satisfaction and more recognition. Although mentees benefit in a number of ways from mentorship, the authors also talked about the many ways an organization as well as mentors themselves benefit from mentorship. Just as there are several advantages and/or benefits to mentoring programs, there are also challenges that may be incurred. Some of the issues and challenges discussed involved mentors engaging in â€Å"distancing or manipulative behaviors† and incompatible pairings of mentors and mentees (Hackman Johnson, 2013). Additionally, the authors considered some the components generally included in improved mentorship programs that help to minimize mentorship issues andShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Organizational Development. †¢During Q2 A1031 Words   |  5 Pag esLeadership and Organizational Development †¢ During Q2 a number of initiatives were undertaken for the development of executive and director level employees within the organization. Jon Benfer (Arbinger) initiated executive coaching for Don Ritter. David Kirby attended AMA’s Developing Executive Leadership course on April 24-26, 2017 in Dallas, TX. A CheckPoint 360Ëš assessment was initiated for Mark Mulholland. 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Itunes Music Pricing Free Essays

Josefina Anorga Carlos Albizu University iTunes Music Pricing Adopting a variable pricing policy might increase the sales revenue of Apple’s Music Store. Pricing the more popular songs at a higher price and the less popular ones at a lesser rate would generate higher sales for the lesser popular ones. Thus making up for the slight drop in sales of expensive tracks and ultimately working towards overall increased revenues. We will write a custom essay sample on Itunes Music Pricing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although most songs with a higher price point experienced nearly 21 % drop in sales, the 29 % increase in price made up for the loss. Moreover, sales for the top 40 songs have a relatively inelastic demand and are expected to be unaffected by the price rise. The customers of these popular songs are price-insensitive and hence make a greater contribution to the increased revenues since the optimal price can be marked at a value much higher than the marginal cost. With the tiered pricing structure, iTunes Music Store would also be able to tackle the increasing competition by the major wireless companies offering downloadable music to the cell phone subscribers. Variable pricing intelligently supports the maximized returns by allowing the company to adjust the value of per-unit prices to increase revenues and encourage the potential customers to be allured by the lowered prices of specific tracks. Apple’s iTunes Music Store might adopt other strategies such as Product Bundle Pricing strategy to make a bundle of different songs (both popular and less popular tracks) and sell them at reduced prices. This will not only help the sales of the slow moving sound tracks, but also work as a revenue generator by way of alluring potential consumers. The bundling strategy will help in increasing profits by extracting additional consumer surplus. Another strategy that the company may adopt is the captive pricing policy. This approach will require the company to charge higher prices for the songs since they can only be downloaded exclusively on the iPod. This will ensure higher revenue from the existing customer downloads, however the company might not be able to increase the iPod sales following this pricing policy. The company may implement promotional pricing strategies such as offering some specific songs at discounted prices along with the purchase of the new iPods. This would not only boost the sales of the iPods, it would also attract the customers to buy the usually expensive songs at discounted rates. This would directly promote the music sales thus increasing revenues. While the variable pricing strategy is seen as way to increase revenue, the sophisticated pricing structure poses high risks and potential costs to the company. With the advent of the information technology and the rise in the unauthorized file swapping networks, the company is already at a high risk of losing consumers, who can easily download pirated music free of cost. Moreover, since a major share (about $0. 70) of the revenue per song goes to the record companies that have the right to the songs and the iTunes Music Store gets a very small share of the profit from the downloaded music, the company cannot afford to lose profits from the sales of iPods. A complicated pricing structure poses a great risk of losing the customers to other companies, which will adversely affect the sales of the iPods also. With the music companies tying up with other competitors such as Amazon. om, who sell the music catalogs wrapped in digital rights management software, implementing the complicated pricing, would only mean losing the sales and promoting the unethical practice of unauthorized free downloads. Apple’s pricing objective of flat pricing is not directed at maximizing revenues due to the sale of downloaded music. The company is enticed to sell the downloaded music at low prices in order to promote the sale of iPods. Apple follows a profit maximizing policy for the iPods revenue stream and so follows a stable policy for the attracting the customers by a flat price for the downloaded music. However, the record companies are only concerned about maximizing revenues from the downloaded music and they are not concerned about the revenue from the sale of iPod. The iTunes Music store is a service that Apple offers to its consumers who wish to buy the third party music and audio books over the internet. Moreover, with no subscription fee and broad range of personal rights being offered with the music content, including playing the music on an unlimited number of iPods, Apple is clearly not focused at generating increased revenues through music downloads (Forms 10-K). Apple’s ability to control the pricing of downloaded music is likely to change in the future. Third party content providers require Apple to provide variable pricing policy along with adequate security mechanism. If the company continues to focus on revenue maximization of iPod hardware sales considering the music content download as a peripheral business activity, the recording companies might get agitated due to the absence in increased revenues. The company might lose its leverage over music companies owing to the increasing competition. With other companies like Amazon ready to sell the music with embedded security features, the music companies are likely to collaborate with companies thus adversely affecting iTunes Music store business. References Forms 10-K, United States Securities and Exchange Commission: Apple Computer, Inc. Retrieved on August 18, 2010 from http://www. sec. gov/Archives/edgar/data/320193/000104746904035975/a2147337z10-k. htm How to cite Itunes Music Pricing, Papers

Social Work and Community Immersion free essay sample

Community Immersion Experience Hilario Galvan University of Southern California Policy and Practice in Social Service Organizations SOWK 534 Mike Jackson, PhD September 27, 2011 Introduction In many social work programs the concept of community immersion is an important aspect of their program and beneficial to the students. The University of Southern California (USC) and its School of Social Work is no exception to this training, thus community immersion is a mandatory requirement for accepted students. Community immersion gives students the opportunity to explore the idea of community and concepts of community. Netting, Kettner, and McMurtry (2008) define community as â€Å"that combination of social units and systems that perform the major social functions relevant to meeting people’s needs on a local level† (p. 130). People live in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and across many countries as a result, people’s residences are diverse and vary in location; thus, social workers must be aware of the types of communities that exist in societies. Geographical, identification and interest, and collective relationships of an individual are different types of communities social workers may encounter and provide social services. Netting et al. (2008) state, a geographical community is a place that meets people’s needs for sustenance, such as neighborhoods and cities; communities of identification and interest (functional communities) are a nongeographic community based on identification and interest for example, religious groups or ethnicity (p. 131-133). Last, a community based on collective relationships of an individual is a type of community that offers importance and meaning to an individual’s identity; for example, professional colleagues and personal friends give meaning to one’s identity (Netting et al. 2008, p. 133). From the different types of community mentioned, the City of Compton will be analyzed from a geographical community perspective; in addition, systems theory complements the type of community Compton portrays, this theory helps one understand a macro (large-scale) approach to Compton. Systems theory contends multiple parts exist of any entity (may represent a group o r a community) and entities are systems with interconnecting components, such as an international corporation or a family (Netting et al. , 2008, p. 11). Furthermore, â€Å"a system is a set of elements that are orderly an interrelated to make a functional whole† (Zastro Kirst-Ashman, 2010, p. 21). During the community immersion, it was noticeable that Compton had multiple parts to existing entities that have an interrelated relationship for Compton to function as a whole. For example, representing the City Council was Dr. Willie Jones, Councilman District 4, who spoke to one’s group at city hall. He stated public safety, economic development, and partnering with the local schools for the benefit of youth in Compton were his priorities. In regard, to systems theory Dr. Jones, public safety, economic development, and partnering with schools are all interconnected systems that work as a whole to serve the people in the community, but Compton also relies on and need outside resource entities, such as state and federal funds. Social workers must understand communities and the interrelated relationship that exists between people and their community. This notion is important to social workers because, at some point or another, throughout their career one will encounter a large-scale intervention is the best route to a needed or a problem in the community (Netting et al. 2008, p. 3). To implement macro intervention social workers need to grasp the community’s history, beliefs, ethics, and values. This paper will briefly examine Compton through a general description of the community immersion, community structure, and community characteristics. General Description of the Immersion Community The City of Compton fits the geographical community type be cause the city varies â€Å"in how it meets people’s needs, how social interactions are patterned, and how collective identity is perceived† (Netting et al. 2008, p. 131). For instance, one’s group was invited to observe the Salvation Army’s operation, walk through the property and take notice of the programs offered to meet the various needs of the community. The Salvation Army is a Christian faith-based organization that offers a professional size basketball court for youth to use after school, provide resources to help families transition into stable housing and increased income levels. This ystem also offer care and aid for homeless people, and the Salvation Armys Adult Rehabilitation Centers (ARCs) help those with drug and alcohol addiction. These are some of various means this city meets its people’s needs (Salvation Army,† August, 2011). The geographical boundaries of Compton are bordered by Willowbrook on the north, northwest is West Compton, on the west is Carson city, on the southwest is Rancho Dominguez on the south Long Beach city, on the southeast Paramount city, and East Compton on the east, last, the city of Lynwood is on the northeast (Google Maps, 2011). According to the United States Census Bureau (2010), Some of Compton’s demographics are as follows: Compton is 2000 (square miles), Population in 2010 is 96,455, the median age is 28 years old, Hispanic or Latino population is 62,669 or 65. 0%, White population is 24,942 or 25. 9%, Black or African American population is 31,688 or 32. 9%, unemployed 11. 3%, employed 16,299, average income 18,394 with families; language spoken at home other than English 49,086, and college or graduate school is 5,588 of the total population. During the 1950s to early 1970s Compton city was a commercial district for many companies; in the late 70s Compton began a major shift change, robberies and constant gang violence spread from Los Angeles to Compton. The main criminals on the street were the Bloods and Crips; thus, business moved and avoided problems (Camarillo, 1991, p. 79). During the late 80s early 90s Mayor Omar Bradley helped Compton metamorphosized slowly; he implemented a new Compton Town Center welcomed the blue line railroad in Los Angeles to run through Compton (Camarillo, 1991, p. 79). These positives steps lead to the current theme of the city called â€Å"Birthing a New Compton. † This is the phrase many residents, business owners, and members of the city council said in the community immersion. The Salvation Army representatives explained the backbone of the theme is to restore pride, quality of life and economic growth in the city and its residents. Community Structure Compton has a main political body that comprises of Eric J. Perrodin, Mayor, Janna Zurita, Councilwoman District 1, Lillie Dobson, Councilwoman District 2, Yvonne Arceneaux, Councilwoman District 3, and Dr. Willie O. Jones, Councilman District 4. Walking through the streets of Compton interviewing people, the question how they feel about their political leaders? Loraine, a community activist, stated, â€Å"I’ve been waiting for the city council to do the right thing for 40 years. † After interviewing several people on the street, one concluded, the city council is not very well liked, and the council has yet to create good paying jobs in the city. On the other hand, the meeting with Dr. Willie O. Jones and other representatives of the city viewed the Compton as having well-paying jobs. On a side note, through observation, the city has approximately 50% or more of population that is Hispanic or Latino and no representation seemed to be present on the city council. Churches in this community are central social structures that symbolize hope for the people of Compton. Many of the working peoples no matter status or position in the community, such as a business owner, cahier clerk, or a security guard they had a Christian based outlook on life. The repeating theme, from people interviewed on the street, was no matter what happened or is occurring in Compton never lose your faith in Jesus Christ. Some people who were dependent on welfare explained the assistance was not enough and help to get a job was decent but getting a job means getting a low paying job and one could not survive on this job alone. According to Seccombe (2011) welfare was established in 1935 and originally called Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) and the primary focus was single mothers (p. 29). Today, many single mothers may need help from government agencies, but with support from entities, such as friends, churches, and neighbors that are interconnected single parents are able to survive. Community Characteristics In the city hall meeting Dr. Jones and city representatives stated Compton was recently designated as an â€Å"entrepreneurial hot spot. † The citys Planning and Economic Development department provides a business assistance program consisting of a comprehensive mix of resources to small business owners and entrepreneurs (City of Compton, 2011). Indeed one may deduce Compton is a business hot spot, as one walked the streets of the city it was obvious per the signs reputable stores catered to the residents of the community. Noted stores, such as Target, Home Depot, Starbucks, Best Buy, and The Burlington Coat Factory; in addition, Derek R. Hull, Planning and Economic Development, director expressed at the city hall meeting that the grocery chains Ralphs and Food 4 Less, subsidiaries of Krogers, is headquartered in Compton, and Gelsons Market, a subsidiary of Arden Group, Inc. , is also established in Compton. As mentioned before Dr. Jones emphasized education is a priority for him and to partner up with schools for the benefit of children resonated in one’s mind. To partner with the schools he will probably have to take into account the large-scale task it demands. The Compton Unified School District (CUSD) provides public education for grades K-12; the district is comprised of 24 elementary schools, eight middle schools, three high schools, and one adult school, which also serves as an alternative school and El Camino Compton Education Center offer community college courses for those seeking to enter a four-year degree program (City of Compton, 2011). An important characteristic of Compton is many of the social services provided with in the community come from the Salvation Army, churches, and the cities’ court provides help in properly filling out legal documents. Despite all the help Compton’s residents have it is not enough, the issues and problems the city deals with is also their weakness. Poverty and education are the leading problems that become Compton’s weaknesses. Other issue this community must address is the prostitution, and awareness of the major cultural change occurring in the city. Conclusion This community immersion provided an atmosphere for first-year students, at USC, to meet their new classmates, faculty, and administrative staff members in a relaxed and informal setting. Social workers must be aware of the types of communities that exist in societies because a macro-level intervention is the correct approach to a need or a problem. The community immersion at city hall revealed that community politicians, citizens, and the agencies that provide social services, all perceive the cities needs and solutions differently. Thus, as one prepares to be a future social worker, helping a community encompasses awareness of cultural history, focus on the challenges communities present, and be extremely resourceful, especially when it comes to money for public use. http://maps. google. com/maps? hl=entab=wl https://www.atlas-sys.com/ares/ http://www.salvationarmy-socal.org/ https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/using_factfinder.xhtml

Stress Meditation and Music Essay Example For Students

Stress: Meditation and Music Essay Stress has become a new and more used vocabulary word for everyday life. Research has shown how effective some techniques are to channel stress. Whenever it happens to me, I try to relax or keep myself busy. Some new techniques that I tried include: meditating as a relaxation technique, playing tennis as a physical activity, and listening to music as a multi-media activity. Through these new techniques, I have learned to deal with stress well. Through meditation I realized that I can truly relax in a more controlled following manner. Meditation has been practiced for husbands of years. Meditation originally was meant to help deepen understanding of the sacred and mystical forces of life. These days, meditation is commonly used for relaxation and stress reduction. Anyone can practice meditation. Its simple and inexpensive, and it doesnt require any special equipment. And you can practice meditation wherever you are ? whether youre out for a walk, riding the bus, waiting at the doctors office or even in the middle of a difficult business meeting. When I feel stressed and I Just want to take out anger, I play volleyball. As a volleyball player I must make a commitment to work hard on mental games as well as physical ones. I feel like instead of getting upset at others, playing a game I like can help me relax. More than anything its an easier way for me to keep calm and get things off my mind. Playing volleyball also allows me to share my problems and let it all out. Since I usually play with my cousin, I am able to take a huge weight off my shoulders without feeling Judged. Music has always appeared to be my way of escaping the world. We will write a custom essay on Stress: Meditation and Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I feel eke I can relate to the different types of music. No matter what Im feeling, music can speak my words for me. We all realize that the therapeutic effect that music has as and how even the stresses of everyday life seem to dissolve away when we listen to our favorite songs. This therapeutic power of music is used as a healing aid in the form of Music therapy. This method can be used in any situation. Finally, listening to music can help the brain by improving learning and memory skills, always useful when were under stress. In a tough situation, I would listen to music because its the most convenient way to relieve stress. I like the volleyball strategy more, but its not always the best thing to do. Listening to music can be done in any situation. The lyrics calm you down and sometimes give you a solution to your problem. Thanks to technology, even our phones can provide us with music. That is why I always make sure to have my earphones with me everywhere I go. You never know when you might have to deal with stress. Stress: Meditation and Music By Abram

One Flew Over the Cuckos Nest essays

One Flew Over the Cucko's Nest essays One One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest In our study of this novel of rebellion, and protest. The ward in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is microcosism of a much larger world, where power is too often misused and individuality is stifled for the sake of conformity.By using Chief Bromden as the Narrator Kesey pulls the reader right in to the middle of this by taking the only character that can shed light on all of the dominant themes present in the novel. Which are Keseys views on the feminist movement, civil rights, and the underlying idea of conformity. All of these issues are exposed in the "pool scene" in which the author, and director are constrained to different parameters, and must use different devices to convey the same message. The dominant theme in this novel is that of conformity. In the novel conformity is represented as a machine, or in Chief Bromden's mind a "combine" . To the Chief, the "combine' depicts the conformist society of America The Chief views the mental hospital as a big machine , which is run by " The Big Nurse" who controls everyone except McMurphy with "wires", and a "control panel"( which the Chief see quite clearly in his psychosis). In the Chiefs eyes McMurphy was missed by the "combine", and the Chief and the acutes were lured into it. Therefore McMurphy is an nonconformist and is free from the "wires" of "The Big Nurse" and so he is a threat to the "combine". This is very clear in the "pool scene". This excerpt from the book demonstrates R.Ps influence on the acutes to rebel, "Now that McMurphy was around to back them up, the guys started letting fly at everything that had ever happened on the ward they didnt like."(158) In the film you can actually see the acutes looking at McMurphy after they make their arguments to nurse Ratched, and he backs them up in the b ook by asking the doctor directly before the nurse had a chance to answer. This segment of the novel...

Word Choice Eventually vs. Ultimately - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Eventually vs. Ultimately - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Eventually vs. Ultimately â€Å"Eventually† and â€Å"ultimately† have plenty in common. Both are ten letters long. Both have â€Å"-ly† at the end. And, crucially, both refer to something that happens (or is expected to happen) after a certain period of time. It’s this final overlap which causes most confusion, with some people using â€Å"eventually† and â€Å"ultimately† interchangeably. However, there is an important difference, so you won’t want to mix up these words in your written work. Eventually (Some Time Later) We’ll begin with â€Å"eventually,† which generally means â€Å"some time later† or â€Å"finally,† especially after a prolonged delay: The queue was long, but we reached the front eventually. If you queue for too long, petrification can set in. It can also be used more generally to indicate an unspecified amount of time, even where no specific delay occurs: I’m new to ballet, but I’m hoping to eventually turn professional! In both cases, â€Å"eventually† emphasizes the passage of time, either in relation to something that has happened or that is expected to happen. Ultimately (In the End) â€Å"Ultimately† can mean â€Å"finally† or â€Å"in the end,† too, but specifically refers to the finishing point in a process or series of events: Although it seemed benign to begin with, the virus ultimately spread to other countries. A second meaning of â€Å"ultimately† is to indicate something as a fundamental or basic fact: Ultimately, tiddlywinks is a game of thrills and spills. Tiddle that wink! [Image: Hannes Grobe]Even in this second use of â€Å"ultimately,† there is a strong sense of finality, as it suggests something is beyond dispute or conclusive. Eventually or Ultimately? When used to mean â€Å"finally,† there are situations in which â€Å"eventually† and â€Å"ultimately† can be used interchangeably. However, even then, each word emphasizes something different. If we say something happened â€Å"eventually,† it’s usually the passage of time we are stressing. Hence â€Å"eventually† is normally used when describing something that happens after a delay. If we say something happened â€Å"ultimately,† on the other hand, the emphasis is on finality, so this term is best saved for referring to something that happens at the end of a process. For example, the ultimate fate of all sausages. When â€Å"ultimately† is used to mean â€Å"fundamentally,† moreover, it’s even more important to use the correct term, since â€Å"eventually† wouldn’t make sense in this context.

Principles of Self Management_Wk4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Self Management_Wk4 - Essay Example The paper also lays emphasis on understanding relationships and the impact of preconceived notions on performance. This topic is very significant as it leads to better understanding of oneself and the environment. Myers and Briggs developed a mechanism for personality assessment. The elaborated on the distinctive traits developed by Jung and supplemented it with their own observations of psychometric procedures 9. MBTI incorporated a set of consistent but uncorrelated measures of: Extraversion-Introversion (EI), Sensing and intuition (SI), Thinking and Feeling (TF) also Judgment and Perception (JP) (McCrae & Costa, 1989). Each one of these indices is dichotomized to indicate a preference and a four letter code is provided to classify them. By means of numeric scores we can determine the strength of each of the preferences which lead to a type of classification upon computation of scores. My assessment of the MBTI self-scored personality assessment indicated that my personality type is ESTJ. An assessment of the â€Å"raw points† in the test indicated that I had a stranger preference for Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking and Judging. I also assessed my Preference Clarity Category which indicated the consistency with which I preferred one pole dichotomy over the other. Although my raw point ranges were moderate but my preference was SJET. Amongst the two types indicated at the end of the test, ESTJ falls in the â€Å"Sensing types†. The characteristics associated with the Sensing type show that I should be: practical, matter-of-fact, decisive and quick to implement decisions. I have a clear set of logical standards which I religiously follow and want other to do the same. I believe in reaching results efficiently and forceful in implementing my plans. The MBTI personality test has provided useful insights that will help me manage my personal and professional

Description of Christo and Jeanne Claude`s Installation The Gates Essay

Description of Christo and Jeanne Claude`s Installation The Gates - Essay Example It is all about altering the space and thus altering the eye. ‘The Gates’ have a rare quality that combines an open invitation with an exciting sense of mystery at every step into it. The saffron clothe hung at each gate just like a half-curtain had a function of masking the view ahead, for a few moments, when a person passes through it (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†). The gates masked the panoramic view at each step but also revealed a new vision also at every step (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†). The saffron wardrobe in which Christo and Claude had dressed up the classic elegance of the park provided a contrast beyond comparisons so as to make the onlooker feel as if he/she was entering a surreal world (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†). The monotony of visual experience caused by the repetition of the gates has a purpose to serve. It hides the contours of the park and gives out a monolithic experience where even when a visitor walks miles and miles, she would feel she had not moved at all. By repeating the space and expanding it, thus the artists had manipulated time as well, by instilling a feeling of eternity. The equal distance that is kept between the gates is yet another artistic technique to enrich the feeling of infinity. The very material presence of the textile is suggestive of the time-limited nature of this work of art. It is evident to the visitor to this work of art that it is not going to last forever just like a painting or a sculpture. Yet it has a unique value as a spectacle, a value that a painting or a sculpture cannot command. It is the time-constraint that imparted it a value as a spectacle. The installation also offered the onlookers, a side view, from the road, which was equal to an outside v iew. From this viewpoint, the gates transformed into a neat row of big women legs clad in saffron skirts (Christo and Jeanne Claude â€Å"The Gates†).

Inner Journeys Essay Example for Free

Inner Journeys Essay What extent has studying the concept of inner journeys expanded your understanding of yourself individuals and of the world? Inner journeys are about the process in which we move from naivity to maturity. In this proccess we learn new things about ourself that help us grow and become wiser and better people. The texts cosi by louis Nowra, the film groudhog day and the poem the road not taken all depict journeys of the mind and spirit which open up a greater understanding of the sense of self. In cosi louis nowra presents the inner journey of lewis, a young first time director who is hired to direct a play to bring the inmates of an asylum out of their shells . At the begining of the play lewis is indecisive in his understanding of others, uncertain of his opinions and unconfident of his own abilies. Diresting cosi fan tutti with emotionally and mentally handicapped people is the catalysts for lewis own emotional and mental maturity. As a metaphor for the world the charred theatre represents the challenges that will confront lewis. The characterization of lewis is established by the realism that of his language when he initially states i need the money. However this realism is threatened when both nick and lucy leave him alone to deal with the inmates. lewiss growing fear and uncertainty is emphasized through Nowras stage directions. Gradually as lewis spends more time with the patients like when he like when he lies about cherry thats why she spends so much time in the toilets in order to keep the production going he starts to see the value it has for them. Lewis also changes his attitude toward love and fidelity. This evident in the contrast when he says loves not so important nowadays to now saying without love the world wouldnt mean much. Nowra uses the play within play within play structure to emphasize the importance of love and fidelity. The opera cosi fan tutti functions somewhat as a mimetic device as it becomes a reflection of lewis relationship with lucy and his realisation that fidelity is an essential part of love. The inner journey that allowed lewis to gain this insight has been a product of his relationship with the mental patients. Finally lewis develops personally as a a director. Initially conveyed as a timid character, evident as roy talks over him, he learns to control and direct as he gains the respect of the mental patients. The film groundhog day starring bill Murray shows the Inner journey of Phill as he is trapped in a recurring day. Through the brilliance of the plot we can observe as he deals with his unique predicament. We see how he struggles to find meaning and purpose in life. Each day he experiments with new thoughts and behaviors and he learns what works and what doesnt. Any change that occurs must be inside him because only he can change. All the other characters repaet eaxcly what they did the day before. This shines an intense light on Phils abilty to change himself. Over countless days he learns that what pleasure he thought would make him happy have failed to, and he has to accept his old self has completely run out of steam. From this he is forced to place all his attention on changing the way he interprets the world, on his personal reality by changing his attitudes, values thoughts and feelings. like lewis he literally recreates himself becoming a mature. loving and giving person. His journey proves that inner change is the key to personal growth and happiness. The road not taken by Robert frost uses a metaphor of traveling to explore our chooses in life. It depicts the difficulty of making choices available and presented to people. Frost traces the way we make decisions, enjoying the options life has to offer us yet he also acknowledges that we cannot realistically do everything that is presented to us. The first person perspective instantly brings the audience close to the experience being recounted. The use of i establishes the personas personal dilemmas as his journey brings him to two roads diverge in a yellow wood. Two roads and yellow woods are metaphors for the choices he confronts. Rhyming creates a flow to the piece while the rhythm forces us to pause effective for thinking what the persona is contemplating. Stanza 1 shows that persona is sorry i could not travel both roads and show that lifes journey requires chooses that exclude alternatives. The second stanza shows that the choice has been made. The use of the language As just as Fair and Perhaps suggests both roads are equal. However there is slight confusion of the personas choice, conveyed in perhaps the better claim, really about the same. At the time of his choice he believes it was a better claim than the other. Later he thinks there much the same. In the third stanza, the exclamation oh I kept the first for another day! suggests the optimism of being able to retread ones steps and take lifes journey by a different route. But the use of the conjunction yet he later says I doubted if i should ever come back which suggests that after taking one route, Thats the route he has to live by, it is a choice he has made in life. Finally in the last stanza the pause suggests regret. The persona is now not sure if he took the better route but this decision is one we have to make in life and we have to life with the consequences and hopefully learn from our past experiences. The poem suggests that inner journeys are irreversible and the choice we make define the person who we become and our understanding of life and the world. This idea is similar to lewis experience where his decision to direct Cosi fan tutti moulds him. Through a close analysis of the three texts Cosi, The film Ground hog day And the poem the road not taken by robert frost that convey the ideas that an inner journey forms as a response to lifes changes and particularly the climatic moments which force a spiritual, mental and emotional re-evaluation of values of priorities.

My First Car Essay -- Observation Essays, Descriptive Essays

It was a cold December night shortly after dusk, a likely setting for an event that would prove to be life altering. As fate would have it, this would be the night that I lost the material possession that truly meant the most to me. I would lose the one thing that gave me much pride and joy and excitement. I often think back and liken us to a newlywed couple, for we had only been together for 18 months and were still very much honeymooning. It was a night, a moment, that even now scoffs and mocks me as I travel thither and yonder with her replacement. But she can never be truly replaced and to call my current fix a replacement seems like a sort of blasphemy. I called her my Blue Angel. That's right! She was a brand new 1999 Atlantic blue Ford Mustang fully equipped with white racing stripes on each side, dark window tint, a rear spoiler, and a post-factory sound system that I installed personally just to complete the "dream ride" effect. We met on April 24, 1999,when my parents introduced us and told me she was all mine as a reward for graduating high school as valedictorian. And what a reward she turned out to be. We went everywhere together. I took her out to eat. When I'd go play ball somewhere, she went with me. Every day from April 24, 1999, to December 22, 2000, we were together. We were bonding in a way a young man can bond with no other, and there truly was no other for me. Other guys had bigger trucks and faster cars, but where my Blue Angel was lacking in size and power, she more than made up for in pure, unadulterated, raw emotion, She never let me down; she was always looking her best and never longing for attention from me or any of the other countless admirers and fans she won over for... ...ere living on love, my new friend and I are nothing more than meager acquaintances. His windows are not tinted, he does not have a backseat, and he lacks a decent stereo system, not to mention the whole appearance issue that made my previous relationship so special. He's not as fast or comfortable. He doesn't hug the road well at all. He's harder to handle and maneuver. He does have more cargo space and a wider wheel balance but what does that really mean? Really? I am fairly confident that one day I will meet another very similar to my beloved Blue Angel; but at this point in my life she could never mean the same. That level of thinking has passed. Things of importance are much different now than they were back then, but that hardly changes what she meant to me. She was special and will always hold a special place in my heart- I miss her dearly.

Doing The Dirty Work

Business magazines and newspapers regularly publish articles about the changing nature of work in the United States and about how many jobs are being changed. Indeed, because so much has been made of the shift toward service-sector and professional jobs, many people assumed that the number of unpleasant an undesirable jobs has declined. In fact, nothing could be further from the truth. Millions of Americans work in gleaming air-conditioned facilities, but many others work in dirty, grimy, and unsafe settings.For example, many jobs in the recycling industry require workers to sort through moving conveyors of trash, pulling out those items that can be recycled. Other relatively unattractive jobs include cleaning hospital restrooms, washing dishes in a restaurant, and handling toxic waste. Consider the jobs in a chicken-processing facility. Much like a manufacturing assembly line, a chicken-processing facility is organised around a moving conveyor system. Workers call it the chain.In re ality, it’s a steel cable with large clips that carries dead chickens down what might be called a â€Å"disassembly line. † Standing along this line are dozens of workers who do, in fact, take the birds apart as they pass. Even the titles of the jobs are unsavory. Among the first set of jobs along the chain is the skinner. Skinners use sharp instruments to cut and pull the skin off the dead chicken. Towards the middle of the line are the gut pullers. These workers reach inside the chicken carcasses and remove the intestines and other organs.At the end of the line are the gizzard cutters, who tackle the more difficult organs attached to the inside of the chicken’s carcass. These organs have to be individually cut and removed for disposal. The work is obviously distasteful, and the pace of the work is unrelenting. On a good day the chain moves an average of ninety chickens a minute for nine hours. And the workers are essentially held captive by the moving chain. F or example, no one can vacate a post to use the bathroom or for other reasons without the permission of the supervisor.In some plants, taking an unauthorised bathroom break can result in suspension without pay. But the noise in a typical chicken-processing plant is so loud that the supervisor can’t hear someone calling for relief unless the person happens to be standing close by. Jobs such as these on the chicken-processing line are actually becoming increasingly common. Fuelled by Americans’ growing appetites for lean, easy-to-cook meat, the number of poultry workers has almost doubled since 1980, and today they constitute a work force of around a quarter of a million people.Indeed, the chicken-processing industry has become a major component of the state economies of Georgia, North Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama. Besides being unpleasant and dirty, many jobs in a chicken-processing plant are dangerous and unhealthy. Some workers, for example, have to fi ght the live birds when they are first hung on the chains. These workers are routinely scratched and pecked by the chickens. And the air inside a typical chicken-processing plant is difficult to breathe.Workers are usually supplied with paper masks, but most don’t use them because they are hot and confining. And the work space itself is so tight that the workers often cut themselves—and sometimes their coworkers—with the knives, scissors, and other instruments they use to perform their jobs. Indeed, poultry processing ranks third among industries in the United States for cumulative trauma injuries such as carpet tunnel syndrome. The inevitable chicken feathers, faeces, and blood also contribute to the hazardous and unpleasant work environment.Question: Q1 How relevant are the concept of competencies to the job in a chicken- processing plant ? Ans:- concept of competencies is basically The ability to perform some task; Meeting specified qualifications to perform; implicit knowledge of a language’s structure or the ability to do something well, measured against a standard, especially ability acquired through experience or training so competencies is the skills ,knowledge, ability to do the particular task.So in chickenprocessing plant anyone can’t work or will be not able to work because of environment of plantand also because of some jobs in plant are dangerous like they have to fight the live birds when they first hang on chain, and the air inside the plant is difficult to breathe. Usually workers are provided mask for but most don’t use it because it is hot and confining .And work space at plant itself is so tight that the workers often cut themselves and sometimes their co-workers with many instruments they use to perform their job. And they have to captive with moving chain for example no one can vacate a post to use the bathroom or for other reason without the permission of the supervisor’s according to conc ept of competencies anyone will be not able to do these type of dirty jobs so these jobs require those people who can work efficiently and can stay at plant and who are non vegetarianQ. 2:- How might you try to improve the jobs in a chicken processing plant ? Ans:-we can improve the jobs in chicken processing plants by†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1)hire or recruit those people who are non vegetarian so they will be more able to do and handle these type of work more efficiently2) we can provide them any machine that will cut the chicken automatically so that we can overcome the safety issues like cut and injury etc.3)We can make the environment more friendly so that workers will enjoy the work4)we will arrange more space on assembly line or moving chain so that workers can easily handle the work safely and by this we can reduce the dangerous jobs5) will provide cool and eco friendly paper mask to the workers so that those workers who don’t like the air inside the plant can work easily6)those workers who don’t like to work on assembly line or don’t know the process we can shift them to another jobs7)if any workers want to go for bathroom they can go without the permission of super visior and while other workers will handle his job So by all above decision we can improve the jobs in a chicken processing unit because no. of poultry workers are increasing day by day in U. S. as well as in many countries like Georgia Alabama etc. Q. 3:-Are dirty, dangerous, and unpleasant jobs an inevitable part of any economy?Ans:- Yes, because chicken processing industry has became a major component of the many state economies like Georgia ,North Carolina, and Alabama etc and jobs such as these on the chicken processing are actually becoming increasingly common. And also because of growing appetites for lean, easy to cook meat. And numbers of poultry workers has almost doubled since 1980 in U. S. because meat is cheaper there compare to veg food And also because some some un employed workers in any economy doesn’t have skills to doany other work and for their basic needs they has to do these type of dirty and dangerous jobs Because they don’t have any other options. In India also no. of non vegetarian are increasing and a large no. of our population is non vegetarian and unemployment rate is also high so many people have to these type of dirty jobs. Doing The Dirty Work Business magazines and newspapers regularly publish articles about the changing nature of work in the United States and about how many jobs are being changed. Indeed, because so much has been made of the shift toward service-sector and professional jobs, many people assumed that the number of unpleasant an undesirable jobs has declined. In fact, nothing could be further from the truth. Millions of Americans work in gleaming air-conditioned facilities, but many others work in dirty, grimy, and unsafe settings. For example, many jobs in the recycling industry require workers to sort through moving conveyors of trash, pulling out those items that can be recycled.Other relatively unattractive jobs include cleaning hospital restrooms, washing dishes in a restaurant, and handling toxic waste. Consider the jobs in a chicken-processing facility. Much like a manufacturing assembly line, a chicken-processing facility is organised around a moving conveyor system. Workers call it the chain. In r eality, it’s a steel cable with large clips that carries dead chickens down what might be called a â€Å"disassembly line.† Standing along this line are dozens of workers who do, in fact, take the birds apart as they pass.Even the titles of the jobs are unsavory. Among the first set of jobs along the chain is the skinner. Skinners use sharp instruments to cut and pull the skin off the dead chicken. Towards the middle of the line are the gut pullers. These workers reach inside the chicken carcasses and remove the intestines and other organs. At the end of the line are the gizzard cutters, who tackle the more difficult organs attached to the inside of the chicken’s carcass. These organs have to be individually cut and removed for disposal. The work is obviously distasteful, and the pace of the work is unrelenting. On a good day the chain moves an average of ninety chickens a minute for nine hours. And the workers are essentially held captive by the moving chain.Fo r example, no one can vacate a post to use the bathroom or for other reasons without the permission of the supervisor. In some plants, taking an unauthorised bathroom break can result in suspension without pay. But the noise in a typical chicken-processing plant is so loud that the supervisor can’t hear someone calling for relief unless the person happens to be standing close by. Jobs such as these on the chicken-processing line are  actually becoming increasingly common. Fuelled by Americans’ growing appetites for lean, easy-to-cook meat, the number of poultry workers has almost doubled since 1980, and today they constitute a work force of around a quarter of a million people. Indeed, the chicken-processing industry has become a major component of the state economies of Georgia, North Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama.Besides being unpleasant and dirty, many jobs in a chicken-processing plant are dangerous and unhealthy. Some workers, for example, have to fight the live birds when they are first hung on the chains. These workers are routinely scratched and pecked by the chickens. And the air inside a typical chicken-processing plant is difficult to breathe. Workers are usually supplied with paper masks, but most don’t use them because they are hot and confining. And the work space itself is so tight that the workers often cut themselves—and sometimes their coworkers—with the knives, scissors, and other instruments they use to perform their jobs. Indeed, poultry processing ranks third among industries in the United States for cumulative trauma injuries such as carpet tunnel syndrome. The inevitable chicken feathers, faeces, and blood also contribute to the hazardous and unpleasant work environment.Question:Q1 How relevant are the concept of competencies to the job in a chicken- processing plant ? Ans:- concept of competencies is basically The ability to perform some task; Meeting specified qualifications to perfo rm; implicit knowledge of a language’s structure or the ability to do something well, measured against a standard, especially ability acquired through experience or training so competencies is the skills ,knowledge, ability to do the particular task. So in chickenprocessing plant anyone can’t work or will be not able to work because of environment of plantand also because of some jobs in plant are dangerous like they have to fight the live birds when they first hang on chain, and the air inside the plant is difficult to breathe. Usually workers are provided mask for but most don’t use it because it is hot and confining.And work space at plant itself is so tight that the workers often cut themselves and sometimes their co-workers with many instruments they use to perform their job. And they have to captive with  moving chain for example no one can vacate a post to use the bathroom or for other reason without the permission of the supervisor’s according t o concept of competencies anyone will be not able to do these type of dirty jobs so these jobs require those people who can work efficiently and can stay at plant and who are non vegetarianQ.2:- How might you try to improve the jobs in a chicken processing plant ? Ans:-we can improve the jobs in chicken processing plants by†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1)hire or recruit those people who are non vegetarian so they will be more able to do and handle these type of work more efficiently2) we can provide them any machine that will cut the chicken automatically so that we can overcome the safety issues like cut and injury etc.3)we can make the environment more friendly so that workers will enjoy the work4)we will arrange more space on assembly line or moving chain so that workers can easily handle the work safely and by this we can reduce the dangerous jobs5) will provide cool and eco friendly paper mask to the workers so that those workers who don’t like the air inside the plant can work easily6) those workers who don’t like to work on assembly line or don’t know the process we can shift them to another jobs7)if any workers want to go for bathroom they can go without the permission of super visior and while other workers will handle his job So by all above decision we can improve the jobs in a chicken processing unit because no. of poultry workers are increasing day by day in U.S. as well as in many countries like Georgia Alabama etc.Q.3:-Are dirty, dangerous, and unpleasant jobs an inevitable part of any economy? Ans:- Yes, because chicken processing industry has became a major component of the many state economies like Georgia ,North Carolina, and Alabama etc and jobs such as these on the chicken processing are actually becoming increasingly common. And also because of growing appetites for lean, easy to cook meat.And numbers of poultry workers has almost doubled since 1980 in U.S. because meat is cheaper there compare to veg food And also because some some u nemployed workers in any economy doesn’t have skills to doany other work and for their basic needs they has to do these type of dirty and dangerous jobs Because they don’t have any other options. In India also no. of non vegetarian are increasing and a large no. of our population  is non vegetarian and unemployment rate is also high so many people have to these type of dirty jobs.

Life Inside Prisons

In recent years increased attention has been paid to the custodial institution in terms of general sociological theory rather than in terms of social problems, notably with reference to aspects of prison life commonly identified in the relevant literature as the â€Å"inmate culture,† the â€Å"prisoner community,† or the â€Å"inmate social system† (Wortley 26). What is life in prison like? Most of the 250 or so million Americans have little idea what life behind bars is all about. Even though some of us may know someone who is doing time, or who works inside prison walls, a realistic picture of prison life is absent for most people.Much of what we think we know is based on television or motion picture depictions of prisons. This system of social relationships – its underlying norms, attitudes, and beliefs – as found in the American prison, and a general but truer portrayal of prison life will be examined in this paper. After summarizing the salien t features of prisoners as presented in the sociological literature of the last two decades, we comment briefly on the major theoretical approach that has been used in discussing prison life. Then we consider a theory of the structure and functioning of the inmate social system, primarily in terms of inmate values.The â€Å"penitentiary† has existed in America since 1790 and the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Wortley 52). Although our country has witnessed numerous reforms since the early nineteenth century, prison as punishment has remained a mainstay of corrections in the United States. State departments of corrections vary considerably in how many facilities they operate, depending primarily on the size of the inmate population but also on the willingness of taxpayers to subsidize additional prisons. They vary as well as to the size, type, and location of those facilities and in the number of staff assigned to each prison.A typical day in prison, then, i s spent trying to keep oneself in line and as busy as allowable (or as chosen to be) in prison. In addition, activities for the day include moving from place to place and being counted and accounted for. Inmates are moved in systematic, orderly, and predictable ways from their housing areas to mess hall, showers, education programs or work assignments, and back again several times, to be counted. The major activity for prisoners is usually a morning (two hours) and an afternoon (two hours) program, such as attending GED classes.Work assignments are usually also considered â€Å"programs† and can involve work as a porter doing maintenance, a cook or kitchen worker, or a clerk of some type, plumbing or electrical work in the prison, or in prison industry work, making license plates or furniture. Some job assignments are better than others, either in terms of pay (ranging from $.15 to $4.00 an hour), the challenge it affords (law clerk versus porter), the housing that accompanie s it (such as honor block for model inmates), or the particular perks that go along with it (working outside in fresh air) (Wortley 45). Other activities to keep inmates busy and out of trouble may include visitation (on set days/hours), recreation, religious services, tutoring, and so on.The routine of prison is occasionally interrupted by disruptions of various sorts and violence. When we think of prison violence we tend to think of riots, but full-scale riots are relatively rare events. For example, there were five riots throughout the over 1,500 state and federal prisons in 1995. Some are planned and instrumental (a means to an end) and controlled by a small group of inmates (such as Attica, New York), while others have been spontaneous, expressive, and deadly (such as Santa Fe, New Mexico).Evidence indicates that incarceration adversely affects some prisoners while others adapt relatively well. Research shows that most inmates, however, cannot escape feeling some impact of impr isonment. While individuals enter prison with a range of coping abilities, those with the most difficulty in adjustment tend to be individuals who have lived a marginal lifestyle prior to prison and those with the least successful experience coping with life. Those inmates most susceptible to coping problems in prison are those who (a) have unstable family, living, work, and/or education histories, (b) are single, young, and male, and (c) have histories of chronic substance abuse or psychological difficulties or who have otherwise had significant problems with other major aspects of life. Individual factors, prison environmental forces, and a history of low-level coping, both inside and outside prison, interact to determine the degree of adaptive or maladaptive responses to the prison experience.Despite the number and diversity of prison populations, observers of such groups have reported only one strikingly pervasive value system. This value system of prisoners commonly takes the f orm of an explicit code, in which brief normative imperatives are held forth as guides for the behavior of the inmate in his relations with fellow prisoners and custodians. The maxims are usually asserted with great vehemence by the inmate population, and violations call forth a diversity of sanctions ranging from ostracism to physical violence.Examination of many descriptions of prison life suggests that the chief tenets of the inmate code can be classified roughly into five major groups:1. There are those maxims that caution: Don't interfere with inmate interests, which center of course in serving the least possible time and enjoying the greatest possible number of pleasures and privileges while in prison. The most inflexible directive in this category is concerned with betrayal of a fellow captive to the institutional officials. In general, no qualification or mitigating circumstance is recognized; and no grievance against another inmate – even though it is justified in th e eyes of the inmate population – is to be taken to officials for settlement. Other specifics include: Don't be nosey; don't have a loose lip; keep off a man's back; don't put a guy on the spot. In brief and positively put: Be loyal to your class – the cons. Prisoners must present a unified front against their guards no matter how much this may cost in terms of personal sacrifice.2. There are explicit injunctions to refrain from quarrels or arguments with fellow prisoners: Don't lose your head. Emphasis is placed on the curtailment of affect; emotional frictions are to be minimized and the irritants of daily life ignored. Maxims often heard include: Play it cool and do your own time. There are important distinctions in this category, depending on whether the prisoner has been subjected to legitimate provocation; but in general a definite value is placed on curbing feuds and grudges.3. Prisoners assert that inmates should not take advantage of one another by means of fo rce, fraud, or chicanery: Don't exploit inmates. This sums up several directives: Don't break your word; don't steal from the cons; don't sell favors; don't be a racketeer; don't welsh on debts. More positively, it is argued that inmates should share scarce goods in a balanced reciprocity of â€Å"gifts† or â€Å"favors,† rather than sell to the highest bidder or selfishly monopolize any amenities: Be right.4. There are rules that have as their central theme the maintenance of self: Don't weaken. Dignity and the ability to withstand frustration or threatening situations without complaining or resorting to subservience are widely acclaimed. The prisoner should be able to â€Å"take it† and to maintain his integrity in the face of privation. When confronted with wrongfully aggressive behavior, whether of inmates or officials, the prisoner should show courage. Although starting a fight runs counter to the inmate code, retreating from a fight started by someone else is equally reprehensible. Some of these maxims are: Don't whine; don't cop out (cry guilty); don't such around. Prescriptively put: Be tough; be a man.5. Prisoners express a variety of maxims that forbid according prestige or respect to the custodians or the world for which they stand: Don't be a sucker. Guards are hacks or screws and are to be treated with constant suspicion and distrust. In any situation of conflict between officials and prisoners, the former are automatically to be considered in the wrong. Furthermore, inmates should not allow themselves to become committed to the values of hard work and submission to duly constituted authority – values prescribed (if not followed) by screws – for thus an inmate would become a sucker in a world where the law-abiding are usually hypocrites and the true path to success lies in forming a â€Å"connection.† The positive maxim is: Be sharp.In the literature on the mores of imprisoned criminals there is no claim t hat these values are asserted with equal intensity by every member of a prison population; all social systems exhibit disagreements and differing emphases with respect to the values publicly professed by their members (Wortley 37). But observers of the prison are largely agreed that the inmate code is outstanding both for the passion with which it is propounded and the almost universal allegiance verbally accorded it.In the light of this inmate code or system of inmate norms, we can begin to understand the patterns of inmate behavior so frequently reported; for conformity to, or deviation from, the inmate code is the major basis for classifying and describing the social structures of prisoners. Social groups are apt to characterize individuals in terms of crucial â€Å"axes of life† (lines of interests, problems, and concerns faced by the groups) and then to attach distinctive names to the resulting roles or types. This process may be discerned in the society of prisoners and its argot for the patterns of behavior or social roles exhibited by inmates; and in these roles the outlines of the prison community as a system of action may be seen.An inmate who violates the norm proscribing the betrayal of a fellow prisoner is labeled â€Å"a rat† or â€Å"a squealer† in the vocabulary of the inmate world, and his deviance elicits universal scorn and hatred. Prisoners who exhibit highly aggressive behavior, who quarrel easily and fight without cause, are often referred to as â€Å"toughs†. The individual who uses violence deliberately as a means to gain his ends is called â€Å"a gorilla†; a prisoner so designated is one who has established a satrapy based on coercion in clear contravention of the rule against exploitation by force.The term â€Å"merchant†, or â€Å"peddler†, is applied to the inmate who exploits his fellow captives not by force but by manipulation and trickery, and who typically sells or trades goods t hat are in short supply. If a prisoner shows himself unable to withstand the general rigors of existence in the custodial institution, he may be referred to as a weakling or â€Å"a weak sister†. If, more specifically, an inmate is unable to endure prolonged deprivation of heterosexual relationships and consequently enters into a homosexual liaison, he will be labeled â€Å"a wolf† or â€Å"a fag†, depending on whether his role is an active or a passive one.A â€Å"right guy† is always loyal to his fellow prisoners. He never lets you down no matter how rough things get. He keeps his promises; he's dependable and trustworthy. He isn't nosey about your business and doesn't shoot off his mouth about his own. He doesn't act stuck-up, but he doesn't fall all over himself to make friends either – he has a certain dignity. The right guy never interferes with other inmates who are conniving against the officials.From the studies describing the life of men in prison, two major facts emerge: (1) Inmates give strong verbal support to a system of values that has group cohesion or inmate solidarity as its basic theme. Directly or indirectly, prisoners uphold the ideal of a system of social interaction in which individuals are bound together by ties of mutual aid, loyalty, affection, and respect, and are united firmly in their opposition to the enemy out-group.The man who exemplifies this ideal is accorded high prestige. The opposite of a cohesive inmate social system – a state in which each individual seeks his own advantage without reference to the claims of solidarity – is vociferously condemned. (2) The actual behavior of prisoners ranges from full adherence to the norms of the inmate world to deviance of various types. These behavioral patterns, recognized and labeled by prisoners in the pungent argot of the dispossessed, form a collection of social roles which, with their interrelationships, constitute the inmate social system.Works CitedWortley, Richard. Situational Prison Control: Crime Prevention in Correctional Institutions. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Animal Farm Quotes Essays

Animal Farm Quotes Essays Animal Farm Quotes Essay Animal Farm Quotes Essay Napoleons own creation. Why, then, asked somebody, had he spoken so strongly against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. That, he said, was Comrade Napoleons cunning. He had seemed to oppose the windmill, simply as a maneuver to get rid of Snowball, who WA s a dangerous character and a bad influence. 22 From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbor g farms: not, of course, for any commercial purpose, but simply in order to obtain certain mat aerials which were urgently necessary. The needs of the windmill must override everything else 25 It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and t k up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution gag insist this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was 5 not the case. It was absolutely necessary, he said, that the pigs, who were the brains Of the farm, should have a quiet place to work in. It was also more suited to the digging itty of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of Leader) to live inn house than in a mere sty. Nevertheless, some of the animals were disturbed when t hey heard that he pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawings a s a recreation room, but also slept in the beds 26 It says, No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets, she announced finally. Cue rigorously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mention Ned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so. And Squealer, who happen d to be passing at this moment, attended by two or three dogs, was able to put the whole ma utter in its proper perspective 27 but it was cruel work, and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as the eye had felt before. They were always cold, and usually hungry as well. Only Boxer and Cool ever never lost heart. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of labor, but the other animals found more inspiration in Boxers strength and his universal inning cry of l will work harder! In January food fell short. The corn ration was drastically reduce d, and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it. The n it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the cal MSP, which had not been covered thickly enough. The potatoes had become soft and disclose red, and only a fewer edible. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff a ND mangles. Starvation s eemed to stare them in the face 28 When the hens heard this, they raised a terrible outcry. They had been Warner d earlier that this sacrifice might be necessary, but had not believed that it would really hap pen. They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring sitting and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. For the first time since the expulsion of Jones, there w as something resembling a rebellion. Led by three young Black Minor pullets, the hens m dad a determined effort to thwart Napoleons wishes. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and there lay their eggs, which smashed to pieces on the floor. Napoleon acted SW fitly and ruthlessly. He ordered the hens rations to be stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by death. The dogs saw t o it that these orders were carried out. For five days the hens held out, then they capitulated and went back to their nesting boxes. Nine hens had died in the meantime. Their bodies were e buried in the orchard, and it was given out that they had died of acidosis. Whimper hear d nothing of this affair, and the eggs Were duly delivered, a grocers Van driving up to the farm once a week to take them 30 Suddenly, early in the spring, an alarming thing was discovered. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! 30 6 Comrades! cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, a most terrible thing h as been discovered. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick Of Pinched Farm, who is even now plotting to attack us and take our farm away from us! Snowball is to act as his guide when the attack begins. But there is worse than that. We had thought that Snowballs re billion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition. But we were wrong, comrades. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! H e was Joneses secret agent all the time 31 Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed another animal 33 If she herself had had any picture Of the future, it had been Of a society Of ann. malls set free from hunger and the whip, all equal, each working according to his capacity, t e strong protecting the weak, as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with he r foreleg on the night of Majors speech. 34 Ifs no longer needed, comrade, said Squealer stiffly. Beasts of England was t he song of the Rebellion. But the Rebellion is now completed. The execution of the traitors the is afternoon was the final act. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. In Beasts of England we expressed our longing for a better society in days to come. But the at society has now been established. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose. 34 A few days later, when the terror caused by the executions had died down, so me of the animals remembered ; or thought they remembered ; that the Sixth Com amendment decreed No animal shall kill any other animal. And though no one cared to m mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs, it was felt that the killings which had taken plan CE did not square with this. Clover asked Benjamin to read her the Sixth Commandment, and when Benjamin, as usual, said that he refused to meddle in such matters, she fetch De Muriel. Muriel read the Commandment for her. It ran: No animal shall kill any other animal thou cause. Somehow or Other, the last two words h ad slipped out Of the animals memory y. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was go d reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball. 35 All relations with Boxwood had been broken off; insulting messages had been sent to Piloting. The pigeons had been told to avoid Pinched Farm and to alter the Eire slogan from Death to Frederick to Death to Piloting. At the same time Napoleon assure d the animals that the stories of an impending attack on Animal Farm were completely unit e, and that the tales about Fredericks cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerate De. All these rumors had probably originated with Snowball and his agents. It now appear De that Snowball was not, after all, hiding on Pinched Farm, and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living ; in considerable luxury, so it was said ; at Boxwood, and had in r laity been a pensioner of Piloting for years past. 38 About this time there occurred a strange incident which hardly anyone was a blew to understand. One night at about twelve oclock there was a loud crash in the y rd, and the 7 animals rushed out of their stalls. It was a moonlit night. At the foot of the en d wall of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were written, there lay a ladder brook en in two pieces. Squealer, temporarily stunned, was sprawling beside it, and near at hand there e lay a lantern, a paintbrush, and an overturned pot of white paint. The dogs immediately ma De a ring round Squealer, and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to walk. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant, except old Benjamin, who nodded his guzzle with a knowing air, and seemed to understand, but would say nothing . But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments to herself, noticed that t here was yet another of them which the animals had 42 Meanwhile life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs.

Assignment #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

#2 - Assignment Example One time when dad was the only one at home, I tried talking to him about my day. I had a really bad day but I don’t want to just blurt it out to him because to me, the feelings are painful and I want to be assured that I will be listened to. So I asked him how his day went. He replied with a brief story about what happened at the office. When he didn’t ask me, I tried asking him another set of questions and none of them seemed to give him the signal that it’s time for him to ask me. When I got upset, I told him, â€Å"Aren’t you even going to ask me about my day?† I felt really bad. But he apologized and said, â€Å"Sweetie, I didn’t even know you wanted to say something. You kept asking me. If you want to tell me about your day, go right ahead.† Only then did I realize that men don’t instinctively know this â€Å"non-spoken rule† among women. For them, if you ask a question, it is a message that you just want informatio n and not comforting. As it was pointed out by Maltz and Broker, one tendency of a woman when it comes to communication is to ask questions. (A Cultural Approach, 38) In my experience in that conversation with my dad, this proved to be true. I believe that this miscommunication was due to gender differences because whenever I ask my mom or my girlfriends about their day or feelings, they always return the question to me. We always ask each other questions but I don’t recall my dad or brother asking me. As it was explained in men’s features, men make more direct declarations of fact or opinion than do women. (A Cultural Approach, 38) When they want to say something, they don’t ask me first, they go right ahead. Another factor that may have affected the miscommunication in my example is sex role. As it was said in Explanations Offered, having been taught to speak and act like â€Å"ladies† women become as unassertive and insecure as they have been made to sound. (A Cultural Approach,

Consumer Behaviour - Learning Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer Behaviour - Learning Theory - Essay Example Looking at this advert, emotions are aroused making it so attractive and appetising especially when the viewer combines what he sees with environmental experiences with sausages or his perception of just how delicious this breakfast dish looks like. As such, cognitive, emotional and environmental influences as well as prior experiences all play a part of how understanding is acquired and knowledge and skills retained and ultimately how this advert could be received. Learning theory proposes that individuals learn in different ways and styles and how they perceive the information. Cognitive conditioning embraces situations where a learner’s behaviour is studied rather than studying his environment. As a result, in these adverts, cognition conditioning becomes very important as they target the psychology of the viewer thereby persuading him to looking for the dish or outfit described in the adverts. The conditioning looks beyond behaviour to consider how human memory works to promote learning. The advertisement is designed in such a way that it enhances the memory of the audience. It is usually argued that pictures speak more than words – a picture is worth a thousand words (Vakratsas & Ambler, 1999). The images used in both advertisements are, therefore, intended to ensure that the information is captured and retained by the intended audience. While attracting more of the potential clients, the advents’ cognitive potential ensures that they retain the actual clients of the brand. Cognitive conditioning explains social role acquisition int elligence and memory in regards to age. Consumers store information on products or a print advert of the product in their brains which they later would retrieve. Retrieval of information is assisted by clues which may be self generated or external and may take forms of images, shapes and Colour (Rothschild & Gaidis, 1991). The Company needs to focus on